Ans. 7(b)

Filtering is a quick and easy way to find and work with a subset of data in a range. A filtered range displays only the rows that meet the criteria (criteria: Conditions you specify to limit which records are included in the result set of a query or filter.) you specify for a column. Microsoft Excel provides two commands for filtering ranges: Auto Filter and Advanced Filter.

Unlike sorting, filtering does not rearrange a range. Filtering temporarily hides rows you do not want displayd. When Excel filters rows, you can edit. Format, chart, and print your range subset without rearranging or moving it.

What do you want to do?

Use Auto Filter for simple criteria and to filter by selection Use Advanced Filter for more complex criteria Use Auto Filter for simple criteria and to filter by selection

When you use the AutoFilter command, Auto Filter arrows appear to the right of the column labels in the filtered range.

1. Unfiltered range
2. Filtered range

You use custom Auto Filter to display rows that contain either one value or another. You can also use custom Auto Filter to display rows that meet more than one condition for a column, for example, you might display rows that contain values within a specific range (such as a value of Davolio),

Use Advanced Filter for more complex criteria: The Advanced Filter command on the Data menu lets you use complex criteria (criteria: Conditions you specify to limit which records are included in the result set of a query. For example, the following criterion selects records for which the value for the Order Amount field is greater than 30,000: Order Amount & gt: 30000.) to filter a range, but it works several important ways.

It displays the Advanced Filter dialog box Instead of the Custom Auto Filter dialog box.

You do not type the complex criteria in the Advanced Filter dialog box as you do in the Custom Auto Filter dialog box. Rather, you type the complex criteria in a criteria range on the worksheet and above the range you want to filter. Excel uses the separate criteria range in the Advanced Filter dialog box as the source for complex criteria. Although you can filter a range in place, like the Auto Filter command, the Advanced Filter command does not display drop-down lists for the columns.

Ans. 7(c)

(i) Embedded Charts: Embedded charts are inserted in the same worksheet in which the tabular data on which the chart is based upon is present. You can place the chart anywhere on the sheet by dragging with mouse. You can also change the size that is height and length of the chart that appears on the worksheet.

(ii) Absolute reference: An absolute cell reference in a formula, such as $A$1, always refer to cell in a specific location. If the position of the cell that contains the formula changes, the absolute reference remains the same. If you copy the formula across rows or down columns. The absolute reference does not adjust. Bu default, new formulas use relative references, and you need to switch them to absolute references. For example, if you copy a absolute reference in cell B2 to cell B3, any, it stays the same in both cells =$A$1.

Copied formula with absolute reference

(iii) Legends: When you create a chart, the legend (legend: A box that identifies the patterns or colors that are assigned to the data series or categories in a chart.) appears by default – unless you you specify to hide it in the Chart Wizard. You can also hide the legend or change its location in an existing chart.

Show or hide a legend

1. Click the chart sheet or the embedded chart to which you want to add a legend.
2. On the Chart menu, click Chart Options.
3. On the Legend tab, select or clear the Show legend check box to show or hide the legend.
4. Under Placement, click the option that you want.

(iv) Relative references: A relative cell reference in a formula, such as A1, is based on the relative position of the cell that contains the formula and the cell the reference refers to. If the position of the cell that contains the formula and the cell the reference refers to. If the position of the cell that contains the formula changes, the reference is change. If you copy the formula across rows or down columns, the reference automatically adjusts. By default, new formulas use relative references. For example, if you copy a relative reference in cell B2 to cell B3, it automatically adjusts from =A1 to = A2. Copied formula with relative reference

Ans. 8(a)

Non-Impact: With non-impact printers, the print head does not make contact with the papers, and no inked ribbon is necessary. The general features of non-impact printers are

• Pint head does not make contact with the paper
• Higher speed in characters per second is possible
• Prints on most paper types but better quality obtained with better paper
• Transparencies usually supported

The three main types of non impact printers are Laser Jet, ink-jet and thermal.

Laser Jet Printers: Laser jet printers are very common today. Most laser jet printers have been based on the Canon Print Engine. Which originally ran at 4ppm (pages per minute), with a resolution of 300dpi (dots per inch).

Refinements to the print engine has increased the speed of printing and resolution of the print quality.

How the LaserJet works:

• The print information is sent from the computer to the printer
• The printer converts the print information into a series of off and on commands to the laser, creating corresponding pulses of light a spinning mirror deflects the laser beam creating a horizontal line across the surface of a light sensitive drum
• After creating one horizontal line, the drum rotaes (normally about 1/300 of an inch)and the next horizontal line is drawn by the laser
• Paper is drawn into the printer and Electrically charged. In the canon based engine this is a positive charge.
• The drums surface was electrically charged negatively. Each point where the laser strikes the surface of the drum, it creates a dot of positive charge. Each positive charge on the surface of the drum represents a black dot which will be printed onto the paper
• The drum rotates past a container bin which contains a black powder called The toner is negatively charged, add thus is attracted to the positive areas on the drums surface which was struck by the laser beam
• The drum is rotated a bit more and the paper is fed onto the drums surface via a pressure roler, which transfers the black toner onto the paper the drrm rotates a little further round, the paper is fed out of the printer
• The drum surface is then returned to a single surface is then returned to a single charge using a corona wire, which removes all positive charges and returns the entire surface of the drum passing underneath it to a negative charge

Inkjet printers operate by propelling variably-sized droplets of liquid molten material (ink) onto almost any medium. They are the most common type of computer printer for the general consumer due to their low cost, high quality of output, capability of printing in vivid color, and ease of use.

Ans. 8(b)

A computer virus is a computer program that can copy itself and infect a computer without permission or knowledge of the user. The term “virus” is also commonly used, albeit. To refer to many different types of malware and adware programs. The original virus may modify the copies, or the copies may modify them elveds, as occurs in a metamorphic virus. A virus can only spread from one computer to another when its host is taken to the uninfected computer, for instance by a user sending it over a network or the internet, or by carrying it on a removable medium such as a floppy disk, CD, or USB drive. Mean while viruses can spread to other computers by infecting files on a network file system or a file system that is accessed by another computer.

Many users install anti-virus software that can detect and eliminate known viruses after the computer downloads or runs the executable. There are two common methods that an antivirus software application uses to detect viruses. The first. And by far the most common method of virus detection is using a list of virus signature definitions. This works by examining the content of the computer’s memory (its RAM, and boot sectors) and the files stored on fixed or removable drives (hard drives, floppy drives), and comparing those files against a database of known virus “signatures”. The disadvantage of this detection method is that users are only protected from viruses that pre-date their last use a heuristic algorithm to find viruses based on common behaviors. This method has the ability to detect viruses that anti-virus security firms have yet to create a signature for.

Some anti-virus programs are able to scan opered files in addition to sent and received e-mails ‘on the fly’ in a similar manner. This practice is known as “on-access scanning.” Anti-virus software does not change the underlying capability of host software to transmit viruses. Users must update their software regularly to patch security holes. Anti-virus software also needs to be regularly updated in order to prevent the latest threats.

BUG: An error or defect in software or hardware that causes a program to malfunction. Often a bug is caused by conflicts in software when applications try to run in tandem. According to folklore, the first computer bug was an actual bug. Discovered in 1945 at Harvard, a moth trapped between two electrical relays of the Mark II Aiken Relay Calculator caused the whole machine to shut down.

Ans. 8(c)

Template: A template is a tool for enforcing a standard layout and look and feel across multiple pages or within content regions. When you change a template, any pages or regions that are based on that template are automatically changed as well. Templates provide additional standardization controls, depending on the type you use. A template gives you a quick start towards creating a docoument, spreadsheet, or presentation. Each template has boilerplate content and preset design styles that are meant to be reused.

Difference Between Template And Wizard: A template is a formatted shell, a design, or an empty data file. For example, an Excel 2000 accounts recivable template would contain no data but would contain all the tiles. Fields. And formatting neccessary for an accounts receivable worksheet. After you load the template, you re able to add specific data easily, without having to format titles and totals. A wizard is more than a formatted shell. A wizard is a step by step guide that presents a series of dialog boxes. As you fill in each dialog box. The wizard builds a data file for you. You can create complex documents, such as professional resumes, newsletters, and Web pages by answering a few simple questions within the series of dialog boxes.

Ans. 9 (a)

MAIL. MERGE (IN WORD 2000) Mail Merge Helper is the wizard that guides you throughout the mail merge process.

STEP 1: In this example, we will setup the form letter using fields from our Excel data file.

Ans. (c)

About animating text objects: You can animate (animate: To add a special visual or sound effect to text or an object. For example, you can have your text builet points fly in from the left, one word at a time, or hear the sound of applause when a picture is uncovered.) text, graphics, diagrams, charts, and other objects on your slides so that you can focus on important points, control the flow of information, and add interest to your presentation.

To simplify designing with animations, apply a preset animation scheme (animation scheme: Adds preset visual effects to text on slides. Ranging from subtle to exciting. Each scheme usually includes an effect that is applied to bullets or paragraphs on a slide.) to items on all slides, selected slides, or some items on the slide master (slide master: The slide that stores information about the design template applied, includeing font styles, placeholder size and positions, background design, and color schemes.), Or, your can control how and when you want an item to appear on a slide during your presentation – to fly in from the left when you clik the mouse, fox example – using the Custom Animation task pane (task pane: A window within an office application that provides commonly used commands. Its location and small size allow you to use these commands while still working on your files.).

Custom animations can be applied to items on a slide, in a placeholder (placeholders: Boxes with dotted or hatch – marked borders that are part of most slide layouts. These boxes hold title and body text or objects such as charts, tables, and pictures.), or to a paragraph (Which includes single bullets or list items). For instance, you can apply the fly-in animation to all items on a slide or you can apply it to single paragraph in a bulleted list. Use entrance, emphasis. Or exit options. In addition to preset or custom motion paths (motion path: The path that a specified objects or text will follow as part of an animation sequence for a slide.). Also you can apply more than one animation to an item; so, you can make that bullet item fly in and then fly out.

Most animation options include associated effects to choose from. These might include options for playing a sound with the animation, and text animations usually let you apply the effect by letter, word, or paragraph (such as having a title fly in a word at a time instead of all at once). You can preview the animation of your text and objects for one slide or for the whole presentation.

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